Uticaj imigracije na ekonomiju Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva u 21. veku: efekti na tržište radne snage, fiskalnu politiku i produktivnost
Keywords:
Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo, imigracija, ekonomija, tržište radne snage, fiskalna politika, produktivnost, Bregzit, Evropska unija, kovid-19Abstract
U svetlu debata o efektima imigracije, cilj rada je da se objasni kako su izmenjeni obrasci imigracija u Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo uticali na ključne aspekte ekonomskih performansi. Shodno tome, analizira se uticaj imigracije na tržište radne snage, fiskalnu politiku i produktivnost. Promene u imigracionim politikama i uvođenje novih programa rezultuju da struktura imigranata postaje raznolika. Analizirajući uticaj imigracije na tržište radne snage, zaključuje se da može imati različite implikacije u zavisnosti od nivoa kvalifikacija radne snage i tipa zanimanja, ali su generalno efekti pozitivni. Takođe, sa fiskalnog stanovišta, imigranti pozitivno doprinose javnim finansijama, i to posebno visokoobrazovana radna snaga. Ipak, produktivnost beleži pad nakon krize, ali se očekuje da će novi propisi doprineti pozitivnom uticaju, međutim, efekti će umnogome zavisiti od strukture imigranata u budućnosti. Stoga, politike koje podržavaju inkluzivnu imigracionu politiku mogu biti ključne za održavanje ekonomske stabilnosti i dugoročnog prosperiteta.
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