DIFFERENTIATED INTEGRATION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION’S AREA OF FREEDOM, SECURITY AND JUSTICE: THE CASE OF DENMARK
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18485/Keywords:
European Union, differentiated integration, EU’s Area of freedom, security and justice, Denmark, opt-outAbstract
During last tirthy years the European Union has become the system of differentiated integration which has multiple forms – opt-outs, enhanced cooperation, permanent structured cooperation, or parallel functional integration, ie. treaties signed between the member states outside the EU legal framework. The goal of this article is to explore the complexity of the contemporary functioning of the EU by analysing the differentiated participation of Denmark in the EU’s Area of freedom, security and justice. The Area of freedom, security and justice is one the fastest growing fields of cooperation in the EU. For years now, there is the deepening of integration in the fields such as asylum, immigration, border control, criminal and civil matters, fight against terrorism and organized crime. By applying the concept of differentiated integration we will demonstrate how an EU member state, wishing to preserve its autonomy in these highly politicized issues, can find itself in a situation to implement the EU rules without participating in their decision-making.
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