Prilog raspravi o prirodi političkog sistema EU: Evropska unija kao konsenzus demokratija
Ključne reči:
konsenzus, demokratija, politički sistem, Evropska unija, institucije, politizacijaApstrakt
U radu*** se razmatra priroda Evropske unije kao političkog sistema konsenzualnog tipa koristeći se teorijskim modelom Arenda Lajpharta (Arendt Lijphart). Autorka tvrdi da je na Lajphartovoj skali između većinske i konsenzus demokratije Evropska unija bliža ovoj drugoj. Kao složena, hibridna, nedovršena politička zajednica, Evropska unija se izučavala unutar različitih disciplina (međunarodnih odnosa, prava i studija međunarodnih organizacija, političkih nauka, sociologije…) i različitih teorijskih pristupa (racionalističkog, konstruktivističkog, realističkog, (neo)funkcionalističkog…). Oni su na različite načine objašnjavali njenu prirodu i opisivali različite aspekte njenog delovanja. Jednom kada je izašla iz nedovoljnog okvira međunarodne tvorevine ili organizacije, i kada je postalo jasno da se EU može posmatrati kao politički sistem, otvoreno je i pitanje demokratije unutar njega. Predlozi za rešavanje primećenog demokratskog deficita bili su različiti, ali mahom po ugledu na demokratije u nacionalnim državama, pa i one većinske/vestminsterske. Nasuprot tome, i uzimajući u obzir sve specifičnosti Evropske unije, autorka najpre detaljno analizira i primenjuje sve elemente Lajphartovog modela konsenzualne demokratije na EU. U tekstu se objašnjava zašto je ovakvo razumevanje EU superiorno u odnosu na konkurentske pristupe ne samo za ocenu stvarne veličine demokratskog deficita, nego i za moguće recepte za njegovo prevazilaženje.
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