Društvene nejednakosti i kriza: potreba za rodno-odgovornim strategijama
Keywords:
društvene nejednakosti, kriza, COVID-19, rodna ravnopravnost, rodno-odgovorne/rodno-transformativne strategijeAbstract
Tokom poslednjih dvadeset godina savremeno društvo se suočilo sa brojnim krizama koje su pogodile sve zemlje na globalnom nivou – počevši od globalne ekonomske krize iz 2008. godine, preko pandemije COVID-19 i rata u Ukrajini, pa sve do aktuelnog izraelsko-palestinskog sukoba. Krize čine kritični događaji koji pojedinačne zemlje ili društvo u celini dovode u izuzetno stanje koje odstupa od norme1, a koje za posledicu ima eskaliranje društvenih sukoba i intenziviranje društvenih nejednakosti usled disfunkcionalnosti različitih društvenih sistema.2 Društvene nejednakosti mogu oblikovati, pokretati i produbiti krize, a istovremeno i biti posledica kriza. Efekti kriza nikada nisu rodno neutralni. Zdravstvena kriza izazvana pandemijom COVID-19 je ponovo potvrdila da su, u kontekstu kriza, društveni i ekonomski problemi rodno determinisani. Kriza koja je pratila pandemiju COVID-19 istakla je izraziti rodni disparitet u pogledu očekivanih ishoda i efekata preduzetih mera i strategija, što je dodatno otkrilo i intenziviralo već́ postojeće rodne nejednakosti u mnogim aspektima života – od tržišta rada i obrazovnih mogućnosti, pa sve do sistema zdravstvene i socijalne zaštite. Cilj ovog rada je da, primenom komparativnog metoda, sagleda uticaj pandemije na rodnu ravnopravnost i analizira na koji način i sa kojim efektom je gender-mainstreaming implementiran u nacionalne mere i strategije oporavka kao odgovora na pandemiju. Rezultati upućuju na neophodnost integracije rodne perspektive u proces upravljanja krizama, te da je za postizanje „rodno-odgovornog oporavka” ključno usvajanje inkluzivnih i pravičnih ekonomskih i socijalnih mera i programa, koje promovišu socijalnu inkluziju, jednakost i rodnu ravnopravnost.
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