POSEBNO ZAŠTIĆENI CIVILI U MEĐUNARODNOM HUMANITARNOM PRAVU
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18485/Ključne reči:
međunarodno humanitarno pravo, opšta zaštita, dopunska zaštita, civili, deca, žene, novinariApstrakt
Pored opšte zaštite koju uživaju svi civili, međunarodno humanitarno parvo (dalje: MHP) pruža nekim kategorijama civila pojačanu zaštitu zbog njihove ranjivosti ili ugroženosti u oružanim sukobima. Ovu zaštitu uživaju deca, žene i novinari. MHP proklamuje načelo naročite zaštite dece u oružanim sukobima i sadrži niz pojedinačnih pravila kojima se to načelo konkretizuje. Žene su u MHP dvostruko zaštićene. One se, najpre, štite od posledica neprijateljstava, a zatim i od svih oblika zloupotreba i zabranjenih postupaka strane pod čijom se vlašću nalaze. Kada su u pitanju novinari, MHP pravi razliku između ratnih dopisnika i novinara angažovanih u opasnim profesionalnim misijama. Ratni dopisnici spadaju u kategoriju neboraca i u slučaju pada pod vlast neprijatelja imaju status ratnih zarobljenika, dok se samo novinari angažovani u opasnim profesionalnim misijama u područjima oružanih sukoba smatraju civilima.
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