THE POSITION OF THE PRESIDENT IN SYSTEMS WITH A DIRECTLY ELECTED PRESIDENT: CASE STUDIES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND BRAZIL, FRANCE AND SERBIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18485/Keywords:
president of the republic, political institutions, presidential system, semi-presidential system, The United States, Brazil, France, SerbiaAbstract
The subject of the research of this paper is the comparative analysis of the states with the presidential and semi-presidential system in terms of the position of the institution of the president. The paper attempts to answer the question why there are differences in the prerogatives of the president in the countries selected for analysis, i.e. whether they arise as a result of the normative framework or there are other factors that should be included in the analysis. The basic hypothesis of the author is that the powers given to the president differ in theory and in practice, i.e. that the presidential prerogatives are not rigidly defined by constitutions and laws and depend on the specific political context. In order to prove the initial hypothesis, the paper uses case studies and comparisons of findings obtained by analyzing these cases. For the purposes of analyzing the position of the president in the presidential system, the paper begins with the analysis of the position of the president in the United States and Brazil. For the purpose of the analysis of the position of the president in the semi-presidential system, the paper continues with the analysis of the position of the president in France and Serbia. As a factor of the political context the paper identifies primarily the relationship with the parliamentary majority, but the other elements depending on the specific state within which the position of the presidential institution (such as character of the party system, factors of tradition, electoral system ...) have also been analyzed.
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