Franz Neumann’s Behemoth: Practical implications on the Nuremberg trials
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18485/Keywords:
Franz Neumann, Behemoth, Frankfurt School, Nuremberg trials, Monopolistic Capitalism, Friedrich PollockAbstract
The paper deals with the practical implications that Franz Neumann’s most famous work had on Nuremberg trials. The first part sets out the basic theoretical assumptions of Behemoth, but also the essence of the debate between Neumann and Friedrich Pollock on the nature of capitalism and the Nazi regime. The next part analyzes the impact of the Neumann’s findings from Behemoth on the creation of a conceptual framework for indictments against leading industrialists of the Third Reich. But also presents the research work of Neumann and his team in preparing material for these trials.
References
[1] “R&A Report 1194: Speer’s Appointment as Dictator of the German Economy”. In: Raffaele Laudani (ed.), Secret Reports on Nazi Germany, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 2013, pp. 48–60.
[2] “R&A Report 1655.5: Dissolution of the Nazi Party and Its Affiliated Organizations”. In: Raffaele Laudani (ed.), Secret Reports on Nazi Germany, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 2013, pp. 253–63.
[3] “R&A Report 1655.30: German Cartels and Cartel-Like Organizations”. In: Raffaele Laudani (ed.), Secret Reports on Nazi Germany, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 2013, pp. 264–84.
[4] “R&A Report 1657: The Problem of Inflation in Germany”. In: Raffaele Laudani (ed.), Secret Reports on Nazi Germany, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 2013, pp. 345–96.
[5] “R&A Report 2500.15: German Military Government Over Europe: Economic Controls in Occupied Europe”.
[6] “R&A Report 3114: Nazi Plans for Dominating Germany and Europe (the Nazi Master Plan)”. In: Raffaele Laudani (ed.), Secret Reports on Nazi Germany, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 2013, pp. 475–520.
[7] Aronson Shlomo, “Preparations for the Nuremberg Trial: The OSS, Charles Dwork, and the Holocaust”, Holocaust and Genocide Studies Vol. 12, No. 2, 1998, pp. 257–281.
[8] Fuchs Christian, “The Relevance of Franz L. Neumann’s Critical Theory in 2017: Anxiety and Politics in the New Age of Authoritarian Capitalis”, ТripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique, Vol. 15, No. 2, 2017, pp. 637–650.
[9] Hilberg Raul, “The Relevance of Behemoth Today”, Constellations, Vol. 10, No. 2, 2003, pp. 256–263.
[10] Jay Martin, The Dialectical Imagination: A History of the Frankfurt School and the Institute of Social Research, 1923–1950, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1996.
[11] ———, „Предговор: Нојман и Франкфуртска школа”. У: Франц Нојман, Владавина права, Филип Вишњић, Београд, 2002, стр. 5–10.
[12] Katz Barry M., “The Criticism of Arms: The Frankfurt School Goes to War”, The Journal of Modern History, Vol. 59, No. 3, 1987, pp. 439–478.
[13] Kellner Douglas, Critical Theory, Marxism, and Modernity, Polity Press, Cambridge, 1989.
[14] Kelly Duncan, “Rethinking Franz Neumann’s Route to Behemoth”, History of Political Thought, Vol. 23, No. 3, 2002, pp. 458–496.
[15] Kettler David, “Negotiating Exile: Franz L. Neumann as Political Scientist”. In: Caroline Anni, Andrea Glauser and Charlotte Müller (eds.), Der Eigensinn Des Materials. Erkundungen Sozialer Wirklichkeit, Stroemfeld, Frankfurt, pp. 205–224.
[16] Laudani Raffaele (ed), “Introduction”. In: Secret Reports on Nazi Germany: The Frankfurt School Contribution to the War Effort, Princeton University Press, Princeton, pp. 1–23.
[17] Lustig Doreen, “The Nature of the Nazi State and the Question of International Criminal Responsibility of Corporate Officials at Nuremberg: Franz Neumann’s Behemoth at the Industrial Trials”, New York University Journal of International Law and Politics, Vol. 43, 2011, pp. 965–1044.
[18] Marcuse Herbert, “Prefece”. In: Franz L. Neumann, The Democratic and the Authoritarian State, Free Press, Glencoe, 1957.
[19] Neumann Franz, Behemoth: The Structure and Practice of National Socialism, 1933- 1944, Ivan R. Dee, Chicago, 2009.
[20] ———, Демократска и ауторитарна држава, Напријед, Загреб, 1974.
[21] Pollock Friedrich, “Is National Socialism a New Order?”, Studies in Philosophy and Social Science, Vol. 9, No. 2, 1941, pp. 440–455.
[22] ———, “State Capitalism: Its Possibilities and Limitations”. In: Andrew Aruto and Eike Gebhardt (eds.), The Essential Frankfurt School Reader, Continuum, New York, pp. 71–94.
[23] Priemel Kim Christian, The Betrayal: The Nuremberg Trials and German Divergence, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2016.
[24] ———, “’A Story of Betrayal’: Conceptualizing Variants of Capitalism in the Nuremberg War Crimes Trials”. The Journal of Modern History, Vol. 85, No. 1, 2013, pp. 69–108.
[25] Salter Michael, Nazi War Crimes, US Intelligence and Selective Prosecution at Nurember, Routledge-Cavendish, New York, 2007.
[26] ———, ”The Visibility of the Holocaust: Franz Neumann and the Nuremberg Trials”. In: Robert Fine and Charles Turner (eds.), Social Theory after the Holocaust, Liverpool University Press, Liverpool, pp. 197–218.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
